Collective Action
Publications
Research, evidence and analysis of Collective Action tools and approaches by the Basel Institute and others. If you would like to recommend a publication for inclusion in this database, please contact a member of our team.
Policy Brief, ReportGood Governance AfricaService delivery is one of the clearest channels through which to assess whether South Africa’s municipalities are living up to their constitutional mandates. Yet access to basic services is still uneven, especially in municipalities in former Homeland and Traditional Authority (TA) areas. These municipalities continue to face the legacy of historical spatial exclusion. Many have weak local economies, infrastructure backlogs and low institutional capacity, which limit service delivery, investment, socioeconomic opportunities and growth. This policy briefing places municipal performance gaps in their historical context and shows how data-driven tools, such as Good Governance Africa’s Governance Performance Index (GPI), can identify where service delivery and socio-economic weaknesses are most severe, where progress is being made and how support can be targeted. The findings show that decades after the formal end of apartheid, former Homeland/TA municipalities remain concentrated in lower service-delivery rank bands and still lag behind in access to safe water, proper sanitation and reliable waste removal services. These gaps partly mirror the historical and spatial inequalities that continue to shape citizens’ opportunities. The authors argue that the GPI can serve as a practical diagnostic tool for government, the private sector, civil society and development partners to identify where municipalities are improving, where weaknesses remain, where support is most urgent and which interventions are likely to have the greatest impact. **Authors**: Owami Tshuma and Nnaemeka Ohamadike (Good Governance Africa)
Policy Brief, ReportGood Governance AfricaThe Zondo Commission – the Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture in South Africa – fundamentally changed the anti-corruption landscape for South Africa’s private sector. Its findings made clear that state capture was not only a public-sector failure. It was also enabled by private firms, advisers, auditors, consultants and intermediaries who manipulated procurement, governance and influence channels for commercial gain. The Commission’s post-2022 reform agenda has therefore shifted the compliance burden for companies from voluntary ethics to a harder model of enforceable accountability, especially in public procurement, corporate governance, whistleblowing and cross-border compliance. Government’s 2022 response explicitly recognised the “central role” of private-sector actors in state capture and committed to reforms targeting companies, directors, procurement systems, political funding and bribery prevention. This Policy Discussion paper argues that – complementing the reform efforts – integrity and anti-corruption should not only be framed as a compliance burden but as a driver of sustainable competitive advantage.
ReportGood Governance AfricaSouth Africa’s water sector is at a critical juncture. Poor service delivery, weak governance and mounting ecological pressures are undermining water security. At the same time, government is streamlining regulatory and legislative frameworks to facilitate partnerships between municipalities and the private sector in support of service delivery and development objectives. Against this backdrop, this Intelligence Report examines the potential of public-private partnerships (PPPs) to address the water crisis through two South African case studies: the iLembe District Municipality – Siza Water Company partnership and the Emfuleni Development Partnership involving Sasol and GIZ. These examples highlight both the opportunities and challenges associated with PPPs in the water sector. This Intelligence Report examines the role that the private sector could play to improve water security in South Africa, and it highlights how it can mitigate the associated risks. The aim of the report is not to advocate for the private sector to take over the responsibility of water services, but to highlight how such partnerships can be used to address the crisis that communities are facing using sustainable and long-term models. The report begins by providing an overview of the water sector in South Africa before highlighting key PPP case studies. It concludes by indicating what can be learnt from these case studies. **Author**: Stuart Morrison (Good Governance Africa)
Report, GuidelinesThe Ethics InstituteThe role of an Ethics Office is to manage an organisation's ethical performance with a view to enhancing its ethical culture. But it can only do so with the active support of a range of internal functions. Legal and Regulatory Functions are two of the most critical partners. This Ethics companion unpacks how the Legal and Regulatory Functions can support the Ethics Office. It challenges practitioners to look beyond the question of “Is it legal?” and consider “Is it right, responsible and aligned with our values?”. By integrating ethical considerations into their core responsibilities – from contract management to regulatory engagement – these functions help ensure that an organisation not only adheres to the letter of the law but also embodies the spirit of responsible corporate citizenship. This guide serves as a practical resource for Legal and Regulatory practitioners seeking to strengthen their role as ethical stabilisers and trusted advisors. **Authors**: Fatima Rawat and Jovita Fazenda The *Ethics Companion for Legal and Regulatory Functions* is the first in a new “Companion for Organisational Functions” series by the Ethics Institute (TEI).
ReportOECDIntegrity is a strategic asset for governments and businesses. It protects democracies against corruption, fraud and waste, supports economic growth and fair competition, and improves trust and engagement with public institutions. The Anti-Corruption and Integrity Outlook 2026 assesses the strengths and gaps in 37 OECD Member and 25 partner countries’ integrity systems. It finds that, despite recent progress, implementation of integrity measures remains uneven. The OECD report provides recommendations to fill these gaps, and explores tools for mitigating evolving corruption risks related to fraud, public procurement and organised crime.
Guidelines, ReportUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; United Nations Global CompactThis practical guide provides a globally applicable standard for anti-corruption ethics and compliance programmes for businesses. It sets out all key elements of anti-corruption ethics and compliance programmes, presenting them in concrete, actionable steps that can be applied across sectors and contexts. The recommendations address companies of all sizes, with tailored guidance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) provided at the end of relevant chapters. Grounded in international norms, including the UN Convention against Corruption, UN Global Compact Principle Ten, the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 16 on peace, justice and strong institutions, the guide also incorporates good practices contributed by leading companies involved in its development. Developed jointly by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations Global Compact (UN Global Compact), the guide builds on the original 2013 publication and reflects more than a decade of evolving challenges, good practices and innovations in business integrity.
ReportTransparency InternationalTransparency International's 2025 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) ranks 182 countries and territories according to the levels of public-sector corruption perceived by experts and businesspeople. It relies on 13 independent data sources and uses a scale of zero to 100, where zero means that the country’s public sector is seen as highly corrupt, and 100 as very clean. The results underline how most countries need to do far more to prevent and stop corruption. This publication provides the full scores and ranks as well as an overview of the current state of corruption globally alongside recommendations on how to address the problem. The Changing Corruption Levels section presents insight into several trends that explain long term score changes experienced by different groups of improving and declining countries. Additionally, the Key Drivers and Consequences of Corruption section explores four important topics that are closely interlinked with corruption: - justice and the rule of law - democracy and political integrity - civic space and media freedom - public services and inequality
ReportEdelman Trust InstituteThe 2026 Edelman Trust Barometer reveals a world retreating towards insularity. As economic anxiety, geopolitical tension and technological disruption intensify, people are narrowing their world to smaller, familiar circles that reflect their views, and this hinders economic and societal progress. The 2026 report presents a path forward to restoring trust and rebuilding connection and collaboration across society. Edelman Trust Barometer research is a globally deployed online trust survey of the general population. It seeks to understand why people hold the views they do, using depth of questioning and sophisticated data analysis to understand how personal attitudes interconnect to shape broader societal forces.
Working PaperBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Prevention, Research and InnovationCorruption is not simply about individual misconduct. It is a networked phenomenon that arises from entrenched social, economic and political interactions. It is orchestrated through coordination between groups and clusters of individuals. This Working Paper explores the networked nature of corruption and the opportunities this presents for anti-corruption efforts. The aim is to understand how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks helps to understand the persistence and resilience of corruption, while opening up new anti-corruption perspectives. A meta-analysis of findings from more than 15 years of research on informal networks and corruption underpins the conceptualisation of corrupt networks. The paper argues that a focus on networks helps to shed light on the functionality of corruption – from petty bribery to large-scale public procurement fraud – and the underlying social norms that enable it. Understanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal networks associated with corruption and applying the network logic to anti-corruption strategies can help to achieve better outcomes. The paper specifically looks at anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives, suggesting that these should emulate positive aspects of informal networks. ### About this Working Paper This paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigwp.2025.60.1-32](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigwp.2025.60.1-32). You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en) International Licence. The contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.
ReportThe Institute of Directors in South AfricaKing V, the fifth iteration of South Africa’s corporate governance reports, was released on 31 October 2025 by the Institute of Directors in South Africa and the King Committee of South Africa. It supersedes King IV and is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2026, with early adoption encouraged. The release of King V comes nine years after King IV, during which the governance landscape has shifted dramatically. Organisations today face intensifying challenges. At the same time, new regulatory developments have raised expectations of boards and governing bodies. King V responds to these realities by: - Aligning with recent legislative reforms and global governance and reporting developments. - Simplifying the Code’s language, structure and presentation to make it more accessible and practical across sectors. - Standardising disclosure requirements through a dedicated King V Disclosure Framework, promoting consistency and comparability across organisations. - Refining principles and practices. Together, these updates position King V as a robust, forward-looking Code to guide ethical and effective leadership in South Africa.
ReportRegional Anti-Corruption InitiativeThe high level multi-stakeholder side event of the Berlin Process on anti-corruption and good governance was held in Sarajevo on 6 October 2025. The event was organised by the Regional Anti-Corruption Initiative (RAI), in partnership with HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation, the EUPA4BiH Project and the UK Government as hosts of the Berlin Process. Co-hosted by the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina and supported by the AIRE Centre Western Balkans and the Austrian Development Agency (ADA), the event brought together over one hundred participants from across the Western Balkans and beyond, including senior government representatives and civil society actors. The discussions reaffirmed that anti-corruption is not only a governance challenge but a defining priority for stability, prosperity and the EU integration of the region. The event marked an important milestone with the entry into force of the Treaty on Exchange of Data for the Verification of Asset Declarations, underscoring the value of regional cooperation and practical implementation. This post-event summary report was prepared under the coordination of the Regional Anti-Corruption Initiative (RAI) Secretariat, in cooperation with HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation and European Union Police Assistance for BiH - EUPA4BIH, and in partnership with the AIRE Centre – Advice on Individual Rights in Europe.
ReportGood Governance AfricaThe private security sector in Southern Africa has expanded rapidly over the last two decades. The extractives industry has helped drive this growth, with private security companies providing essential protection for mining operations in fragile regions. However, these contexts are often "hybrid security environments" characterised by weak state presence and multiple public and private security providers engaged in ad hoc security arrangements, with varying degrees of legitimacy, authority and oversight. For companies, this raises the risk of being implicated in human rights abuses, triggering legal liabilities, sanctions and reputational harm. Poor security sector governance can also inflame community grievances and social tensions, potentially sparking protests, violence and a negative impact on companies’ social licence to operate. To address these risks, private security companies and mining companies can take a proactive role in strengthening security governance within the areas in which they operate. This report is part of an ongoing research project and provides an overview of governance challenges and opportunities for the private sector to improve security sector governance in Southern Africa, drawing on insights gathered for a research project on hybrid security governance in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique. **Author**: Stephen Buchanan-Clarke (Good Governance Africa)
Report, GuidelinesB20 South AfricaThis paper was prepared by the B20 South Africa Integrity and Compliance Task Force. It outlines practical actions for the G20 through three recommendations that highlight the risks corruption poses to inclusive growth, especially amid new challenges such as AI-enabled fraud and opaque climate finance: Recommendation 1: **Encourage the responsible use of technology in integrity and anti-corruption measures.** Recommendation 2: **Strengthen integrity embedment in climate and sustainability finance systems.** Recommendation 3: **Amplify Collective Action and integrity standards for inclusive growth.** Together, these efforts aim to embed integrity and trust into global markets.
ReportBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Private SectorThis report analyses the approaches of the previous five B20 presidencies to addressing anti-corruption Collective Action. It captures lessons learned and provides recommendations for future B20/G20 cycles. It is primarily intended for upcoming B20/G20 presidencies, B20 Integrity & Compliance Task Force members and organisations engaging with the B20/G20. ### About this report You may share or republish this report under a Creative Commons [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en) licence. The report was funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative, which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.
BookBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective ActionAt its core, Collective Action is a simple yet powerful concept: tackling corruption challenges together, rather than alone. Over the past two decades, anti-corruption Collective Action has grown from a niche idea to a recognised approach embedded in international standards, national strategies and corporate practices. This book offers a comprehensive reflection on that journey and explores the growing impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on promoting business integrity around the world. It aims to capture the living ecosystem of Collective Action as it exists today, its foundations, its progress and the possibilities it continues to offer for the future. Drawing on real-life examples, policy milestones and practical experiences from the Basel Institute on Governance and its partners, *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity* presents how diverse actors have been working together to tackle corruption in complex environments. - **Part 1: Advancing the knowledge base** – presents the analytical tools and conceptual models that help us make sense of Collective Action in practice. - **Part 2: Mainstreaming Collective Action as a norm** – illustrates the growing recognition of Collective Action in international standards and policy frameworks. It also showcases the Institute’s International Collective Action Conference series and the Collective Action Awards. - **Part 3: Providing hands-on support** – focuses on the Basel Institute’s direct support to Collective Action practitioners and highlights the importance of peer learning. *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity* was developed and published by the Basel Institute on Governance, with support from the Siemens Integrity Initiative. ## About this publication This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: collective-action.com ISBNs are as follows: - PDF: 978-3-9526182-0-2 - Paperback (forthcoming): 978-3-9526182-1-9
ReportCollective ActionThis paper explores governments’ role in fostering, facilitating and engaging in collective action initiatives to support the private sector in its fight against corruption. Building on the OECD Anti-Bribery Recommendation, the first international standard to recommend collective action as a tool to fight foreign bribery, the paper examines when, how and for what purposes governments participate in such initiatives. The paper offers a blueprint for government authorities seeking to support anti-corruption collective action initiatives in ways that are strategic, effective and sustainable.
Working PaperBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Private SectorThis Working Paper provides a theoretical and practical contribution to strengthening the evidence base for anti-corruption Collective Action – i.e. collaborative efforts by diverse actors from the private sector, civil society and public institutions to address integrity challenges that no single actor can resolve alone. It combines a new conceptual framework for Collective Action initiatives, updated data and practical tools. Together, these will help researchers, practitioners and policymakers compare initiatives, test assumptions and design more effective collaborations. The paper provides insights into how Collective Action works in practice; the impact of different social and political environments; how to link Collective Action with real-world improvements in corruption prevention; and whether initiatives’ activities are actually contributing to their stated goals. ### About this report This paper is made possible through the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative. The paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigwp.2025.57.60](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigwp.2025.57.60). You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en) International Licence. The contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.
ReportUnited Nations Global CompactCollective ActionIn 2010, the UN Global Compact launched a bold initiative to tackle corruption through Collective Action. Funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative, Anti-Corruption Collective Action (ACCA) mobilized a community of like-minded companies determined to jointly challenge corrupt practices and co-create solutions to address them. This publication includes valuable tools and resources, best practices and lessons learned and is testament to how trusted partnerships can transform industries, drive long-term success and protect people and planet.
Working PaperBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective ActionSince its first use by the World Bank in 2008, the concept of "anti-corruption Collective Action" has evolved into a well-established best practice to prevent corruption and strengthen business integrity. This paper captures the specific characteristics of anti-corruption Collective Action that have emerged over time and translates them into an easy-to-grasp typology that reflects both the variety and unifying principles that make up the Collective Action ecosystem. It aims to: - spark new impetus for engagement; - open the concept to new stakeholders, topics and environments; and - support existing initiatives in developing their long-term visions and aims. In addition to supporting practitioners, updating the typology will also help strengthen the case for Collective Action as a normative corruption prevention practice. ### About this report The paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigwp.2025.56.39](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigwp.2025.56.39). You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en) International Licence. The contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.
Quick GuideBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Private SectorThe changing landscape of anti-corruption regulation and enforcement has triggered important discussions around the role of ethics and compliance in business strategies and in the economy as a whole. It has also given impetus to the narrative that anti-corruption compliance programmes are inevitably costly, potentially ineffective and bureaucratic. This ignores many of the positive advances in compliance that have been made in recent years, as well as the growing body of evidence supporting the business case for compliance. This Quick Guide covers five broad areas in which mature and well-constructed ethics and compliance systems can benefit businesses even in the face of an uncertain regulatory and enforcement framework. It is based on a roundtable convened by the Basel Institute on Governance and bilateral discussions with key figures in the business and anti-corruption community. ### About this Quick Guide You are free to share and republish this work under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Licence. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, [ISSN 2673-5229](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Quick+Guide).
ReportOECDCollective Action, Private SectorIn the last decade, companies around the globe have significantly invested in the development of anti-corruption compliance programmes. Assessing the effectiveness of these programmes has proven challenging and requires that companies go beyond a box-checking approach, set clear objectives, measure progress and impact and foster a culture of integrity. This paper published by the OECD aims to support companies in their assessment efforts by taking stock of methodologies and tools − such as key performance indicators, culture surveys, data analytics, audits and peer learning − that companies use to assess and enhance the effectiveness of their anti-corruption programmes. Drawing on desk research and data collected by the OECD and the Basel Institute on Governance including in months of consultations with the private sector, this paper contributes to promoting strong anti-corruption norms and standards within the public and private sector.
GuidelinesU4 Anti-Corruption Resource CentreCollective ActionThis research from the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre highlights that integrating anti-corruption measures within sustainability reporting frameworks can enhance corporate transparency and contribute to reducing corruption risks. However, inconsistent global sustainability standards and enforcement challenges limit the effectiveness of these measures. The research presents evidence and practice from the development cooperation sector to support practitioners in navigating governance and accountability frameworks in the private sector.
GuidelinesCollective ActionTransparency International, in consultation with its national Chapters and partners, has developed this blueprint to guide the implementation of future Integrity Pacts according to good practice. The blueprint is addressed to practitioners in government, the private sector, civil society and development partners wishing to safeguard public procurement projects with strategic policy, financial and social value. The blueprint provides in-depth guidance on the IP implementation process, including: - Initiating fit-for-purpose IP initiatives. - Preparing and signing an IP, comprising a public integrity pledge, a corporate integrity pledge, a civil society monitoring agreement, a dispute resolution mechanism, sanctions and incentives. - Effectively executing IPs, with the support of communications, risk management measures, and monitoring and evaluation.
ReportBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Private SectorThe 5th International Collective Action Conference represented another significant milestone in the development of responsible and ethical business practices through anti-corruption Collective Action. The conference, hosted by the Basel Institute with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative, took place on 24 and 25 June 2024 in Basel, Switzerland. This short conference report presents main insights, quotes as well as infographics and graphic recordings from the two-day event, which welcomed around 200 people from around the world and across all sectors. A key theme of this year’s conference was the importance of building local, regional and international communities of practice. These communities bring together different constellations of people and organisations interested in the Collective Action approach to improve skills, develop joint solutions and advance knowledge about how to make initiatives effective in different contexts. Five panel discussions, three interactive breakout sessions and multiple networking opportunities, including an exhibition, offered many occasions for sharing experiences and best practices in anti-corruption Collective Action and breaking down silos. ### About this report and acknowledgements The Basel Institute on Governance thanks the Siemens Integrity Initiative for supporting and providing funding for the conference’s 5th edition, as well as all speakers and breakout session facilitating organisations. The full list of presenters and sessions can be found on conference pages of the [B20 Collective Action Hub](https://collective-action.com/get-involved/events/icac-2024/agenda). Graphic recording illustrations: Tetyana Kalyuzhna, Basel Institute on Governance. Photo and video credit: David Borter, LEO MEDIA GmbH / BBM PRODUCTIONS AG. The report is free to share or republish under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence ([CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en)). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: [https://collective-action.com](https://collective-action.com).
Guidelines, ReportBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, HLRM, Integrity PactsThis guidance seeks to capture and explore the innovative approaches that African governments have developed to address the demand and supply sides of corruption more effectively and sustainably. It is designed to help government institutions, in particular national anti-corruption agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption. The document highlights good practices identified through interviews, desk research and a 2021 Southern African Development Community (SADC) training on “Emerging anti-corruption issues and private-sector engagement for SADC anti-corruption agencies”. Africa offers many examples of innovative, unique and context-sensitive approaches to engage the private sector in anti-corruption efforts. Ghana’s National Anti-Corruption Action Plan, for instance, offers an award scheme and is looking into providing tax benefits to companies that enforce anti-corruption measures and demonstrate leadership in the fight against corruption. Other agencies and governments in the region, such as Morocco, are currently discussing implementing a reward system for compliant companies that can be considered when companies bid for public tenders. These examples demonstrate how African governments proactively seek to tackle corruption and collaborate with the private sector. From the initiatives captured, three common strategic approaches can be identified to underpin effective and impactful engagement: - **Raising awareness,** guiding and working with the private sector to more effectively address corruption risks. - **Identifying and providing incentives** to companies investing in their compliance programmes. - **Demonstrating leadership** by actively participating in Collective Action and public-private partnerships. This document is a follow-up of a [practical global guide](https://collective-action.com/explore/publications/2199) published in July 2022 and was produced with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative. It is freely shareable under a Creative Commons [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) licence. Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance.
Report, GuidelinesB20 BrasilCollective Action This Policy Paper was prepared by the B20 Brazil Integrity and Compliance Task Force. In this document, B20 members call for stronger actions from the G20 in 3 key areas: - Recommendation 1: **Encourage the implementation of integrity and anti-corruption measures to enhance responsible and sustainable governance in business.** - Recommendation 2: **Stimulate Collective Action, engaging the Public Sector and value chains to uphold integrity.** - Recommendation 3: **Promote ethical leadership to foster inclusive growth.**
ReportCollective ActionThis USAID-funded CEPPS/IRI/CIPE report outlines contemporary Collective Action approaches against kleptocracy. The research rests on key interviews and expert analysis and features 7 country-specific case studies: Armenia, Guatemala, Malaysia, Moldova, Romania, Thailand, and Ukraine. The aim of this report is to provide a framework for successful Collective Action approaches against kleptocracy across different country contexts. The report includes key takeaways and recommendations for anti-corruption practitioners, keen policymakers, civil society reformers, the business community, and engaged citizens to seize windows of opportunity for collective change.
Working PaperBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Green Corruption, Private SectorThere is broad agreement that ensuring a just energy transition is key for achieving the trust and support from citizens needed to succeed with the green transition and the COP28 goal of tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030. This paper discusses the concept of a just transition, with a particular focus on the importance of achieving a transition that benefits both local communities and society at large. It examines the governance and corruption challenges that could jeopardise this goal and discusses how industry associations and companies in the renewable energy sector could step up its efforts to address these challenges to realise the ambition of a just transition. The paper draws on lessons from the experience of tackling governance and corruption risks in the extractive sector and sets out proposals on how to accelerate collective action in the renewable energy sector. ### About this report This is a guest Working Paper of the Basel Institute on Governance, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigwp.2024.53.58](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigwp.2024.53.58). You may share or republish the report under a Creative Commons [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en) licence. The contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, University of Basel or funding organisations.
ReportIFAC, ICAEW, Basel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Private SectorThis joint report from the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) and the Basel Institute on Governance explores the concept of the "integrated mindset" – i.e. considering financial and sustainability-related information about a company holistically and in an integrated way. The "integrated mindset" is an approach within companies and by company leadership that considers financial and sustainability-related information about the company as a whole, in an integrated way. This integrated approach to financial and sustainability-related information empowers better-informed decisions that deliver long-term value creation. This delivers financial returns to investors while taking account of value to customers, employees, suppliers, and societal interests. An integrated mindset extends to all environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. This report will help companies — in particular, their professional accountants in business — apply an integrated mindset to anti-corruption oversight and compliance programs, a crucial component of the governance “G” in ESG. Moreover, it highlights that a commitment to an ethical culture is fundamental to an integrated mindset. Corruption evolves and changes constantly, creating risks that go beyond what companies can address internally, such as distorting competition and creating an uneven playing field between competitors. Working toward developing more integrated industry approaches that lift the standards of business integrity at the sectoral or country level through Collective Action can be an effective way for companies to work toward future-proofing their compliance programs. “whole of business” approach to anti-corruption compliance.
Case StudyCollective ActionThe study's purpose is to understand the impact of maritime corruption on low—and middle-income countries. The objectives are twofold: first, to estimate the cost of maritime corruption to the industry, and second, to estimate the cost of maritime corruption to society. Given the wide range of MACN’s activities, Nigeria is selected as the first-case country.
ReportCollective ActionThis report reflects on the International Corruption Hunters Alliance (ICHA) 2023 Forum. The World Bank Group’s fifth edition of the International Corruption Hunters Alliance convened more than 350 participants from over 80 countries, on June 14–16, 2023, in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, that involved direct exchanges between practitioners to learn from one another and build stronger links in support of anti-corruption Collective Action efforts, particularly with and among West and Central African countries.
ReportCollective ActionThe publication “A Resource Guide on State Measures for Strengthening Business Integrity” was jointly developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations Global Compact (UN Global Compact) based on a publication developed by UNODC in 2013 and has been launched at the 2024 OECD Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity Forum. The Guide has been prepared in furtherance of the resolution 10/12, entitled “Providing incentives for the private sector to adopt integrity measures to prevent and combat corruption”, which was adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption at its tenth session in December 2023. The updated Guide highlights: - The new anti-corruption landscape where a collaborative approach across the private and public sectors and other relevant stakeholders is progressively becoming the new norm for developing business integrity policies. - Latest international standards, including the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (OECD Anti-Bribery Convention) and its related instrument the 2021 OECD Anti-bribery Recommendation, which encourages governments to provide incentives for corporate anti-corruption compliance – both in the context of law enforcement and public advantages, to provide both ‘carrots’ and ‘sticks’ in combatting corruption. - How governments are increasingly using incentives as a powerful tool to foster effective anti-corruption compliance, rewarding businesses for complying with anti-corruption standards and for voluntarily adopting ethical practices that go beyond the minimum legal requirements. Promoting business integrity requires finding the right mix of sanctions and incentives, as sanctions alone do not result in best outcomes for reducing corruption in the private sector. - The importance for governments to invest the required resources and build the expertise to carry out the necessary evaluations of corporate anti-corruption programmes. The Guide also attempts to steer States and the private sector away from common pitfalls: 1. There is no one-size fits all solution that applies across countries. With case studies from different countries, the guide illustrates various approaches for seeking the right balance between sanctions and incentives in different contexts. 2. Incentives should not be seen as a magic tool. When incentives are not adequately applied, they distort the level playing field. When governments do not have the capacities to assess whether corporate anti-corruption compliance measures have teeth, they reward companies that are unworthy of it.
Report, GuidelinesThe Ethics Institute; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZCorruption is a problem that impacts negatively on people’s lives. It undermines the rule of law, ethical principles and sustainable economic growth. In South Africa, everyone agrees that a ‘whole of society’ approach is needed to meaningfully combat corruption. This means that all of society should commit to not engaging in corruption, and all of society should hold each other accountable. This guide was developed to build the knowledge and confidence of communities and to give them tools to help them: 1. Better understand corruption and how it works. 2. Hold their municipalities to account. Aimed at civil society organisations and activist networks, the guide is intended to empower people to play their part in reducing corruption. It mainly focuses on corruption in the public sector. **Part 1** – Understanding corruption and public accountability – explains what corruption is, and the various ways that it happens. **Part 2** – Civil society tools for countering corruption – provides practical guidance on laws and tools for participating in municipal decision-making, exercising the right to transparent information, holding municipalities to account, reporting corruption, starting a social movement and engaging with parliamentarians. **Authors**: Kris Dobie, Fatima Rawat and Lindo Sibiya (The Ethics Institute) This guide was conceptualised by The Ethics Institute and the Transparency, Integrity and Accountability Programme in South Africa (TIP), based on an understanding of the needs of individuals in Civil Society Organisations (CSOs). TIP is a partnership programme agreed to between the governments of Germany and South Africa.
ReportCollective ActionThis is a guide for impact investors on how corruption can undermine environmental and social outcomes, and about how coordinating due diligence across business integrity and environmental and social workstreams can help identify these links. This guidance puts business integrity at the heart of impact investing.
ReportIndonesia Global Compact Network (IGCN)Collective ActionThis report by Indonesia Global Compact Network (IGCN) provides an overview of the workshops carried out in three key provinces in Indonesia where the agribusiness industry, specifically where the palm oil plantation is in operation: Southwest Papua, East Kalimantan, and South Sumatra. Throughout this report, a detailed account of the workshops undertaken in the three provinces is provided, highlighting key insights obtained from these provinces. By examining these insights, the report underscores the importance of collective actions among businesses, governments, and civil society in creating an environment that fosters fair practices, reduces corruption risks, and promotes a culture of integrity within the Indonesian land-based sector.
Research Case StudyGlobal Compact Network India (GCNI)Collective ActionThis Best Practices Compendium acts as a guide for healthcare stakeholders to promote ethical business practices within their organizations/companies by addressing corruption challenges at different levels. The Compendium comprises 11 case studies focusing on best practices in fighting corruption. The case studies show great momentum towards collective action in ensuring transparency and accountability for fighting corruption.
ReportCollective ActionThis document summarises insights from the first-ever Asia-Pacific Anti-Corruption Collection Action Forum. The Forum offered an immersive Collective Action experience that allowed participants to learn about regional best practices, share and exchange common experiences and, most importantly, work together to identify opportunities for collaboration in the fight against corruption moving forward. The Forum was organised by the Basel Institute on Governance with the support of the Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific, jointly managed by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
Policy BriefBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective ActionExtreme weather events, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and epidemics cause the loss of countless lives and bring disruption to many countries. Governments and humanitarian aid agencies are expected to be at the forefront of preparing for and responding to such disasters. However, occasionally the scale and impact of some natural disasters are so large that additional resources beyond what governments can provide become necessary. In such cases, efforts may be perceived as insufficient and slow. Resources and efforts need to be augmented in order to provide relief and support to those who need it most. Could the private sector take a more leading role in pre- and post-disaster efforts? How could a structured, long-term engagement reduce the inevitable integrity risks in high-stress disaster situations involving numerous government, business and international actors? This Policy Brief looks at how the [Philippines Disaster Resilience Foundation](https://www.pdrf.org/) (PDRF) has emerged as a leading private-sector coordinator for disaster risk reduction and management. It illustrates the important role that the private sector can play in responding to – and building resilience to – natural disasters and other humanitarian emergencies. It also showcases how vital it is for good governance, integrity and transparent collaboration to be at the heart of those efforts. ### About this Policy Brief This publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, [ISSN 2624-9669](https://baselgovernance.org/publications?type[]=257) and relates to our work to promote anti-corruption [Collective Action](https://collective-action.com/) with the private sector. It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigpb.13.7](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigpb.13.7). You may freely share or republish it under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ([CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)).
ReportThe B Team; World Economic Forum Partnering Against Corruption InitiativeCollective ActionThis two-page compilation of suggestions and recommendations was prepared by a group of B20 Integrity & Compliance Task Force members in 2024. The document aims to support the incoming G20 and B20 presidencies with some ideas and suggestions. Some of these are specific to the B20 Integrity & Compliance Task Force, while others may be applicable to other B20 Taskforces or the B20 more widely. The ultimate aim of the members is to contribute to a G20 and B20 that will continue to achieve strong engagement, effective processes, policy advances and significant impact at both global and country levels.
ReportCollective ActionThis document summarises insights from the first-ever Southern Africa Anti-Corruption Collection Action Forum. The Forum offered an immersive Collective Action experience that allowed participants to learn about regional best practices, share and exchange common experiences and, most importantly, work together to identify opportunities for collaboration in the fight against corruption moving forward. The Forum was organised in collaboration with our local partners, the Ethics Institute and the Southern African Anti-Corruption Network (SAACoN), and with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative.
Guidelines, ReportBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Private SectorThis document summarises insights from a peer learning workshop in Basel, Switzerland in December 2023. The workshop explored best practices in anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives. The report covers: - The role of the facilitator in Collective Action initiatives. - The different roles that representatives from the private sector, public sector, civil society and academia play. - The process of establishing a Collective Action initiative and securing funding for it. - Ways to monitor progress and evaluate impact. It ends by emphasising the importance of continuing to learn from one another and to share information, including by contributing to the [B20 Collective Action Hub](https://collective-action.com/). The peer-learning workshop and the preparation of this short report were funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative.
Working PaperBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Private SectorThis working paper provides an overview and analysis of anti-corruption Collective Action case studies in the ASEAN region. It builds on the 2014 paper: [Collective Action against Corruption: Business and Anti-Corruption Initiatives in ASEAN](https://jam.baselgovernance.org/api/assets/fd53d9a1-44f0-4f3a-b586-73bbb4074fef/AIMPublication-CollectiveActionAgainstCorruptionRVR-CVStarr-1.pdf), which was published by the ASEAN CSR Network and the Asian Institute of Management. This 2023 paper reviews the initiatives featured in the 2014 paper and highlights new initiatives that have emerged in the region since then. It covers: - Indonesia: Indonesia Business Links - Malaysia: Corporate Integrity System Malaysia - Philippines: Integrity Initiative and project SHINE - Thailand: Collective Action Against Corruption - Thailand: Anti-Corruption Organization of Thailand - Vietnam: Vietnam Chamber of Commerce & Industry and its Office for Business The analysis identifies several success factors, while noting that Collective Action is a flexible approach that can and must be tailored to different contexts. ### About this Working Paper The authors would like to thank the Asian Institute of Management and the representatives of the initiatives featured in this paper for their time and contributions. This paper is made possible through the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative. The publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigwp.2023.48.36](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigwp.2023.48.36). You may share or republish the Working Paper under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en).
GuidelinesCollective ActionThis manual has been developed to help compliance officers in Croatian and Serbian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) to introduce or strengthen their company’s anti-corruption programmes. It is designed as a practical, easy-to-reference tool offering a variety of practices that an SOE could consider implementing, such as Collective Action, which can be a highly effective way for SOEs to fight corruption and foster integrity.
GuidelinesCollective ActionCorruption in state-owned enterprises has a unique ability to undermine governments, markets and citizens’ well-being. While international standards promote integrity in the state-owned sector, their implementation remains a challenge. This handbook describes an innovative peer-learning programme – Compliance Without Borders – and its contributions to strengthening anti-corruption compliance in state-owned enterprises. It explains the benefits of galvanising the private sector to work with their state-owned counterparts in preventing corruption and levelling the playing field. By detailing how this new pair are successfully collaborating through Collective Action, the handbook also encourages others to join in leading by example.
ReportCollective Action, Private SectorOur fifth Communication on Engagement to the United Nations Global Compact details our support over the last two years for the UN Global Compact and its results. Non-business participants, including the Basel Institute, submit the CoE every two years. Prepared by our [Collective Action](https://baselgovernance.org/collective-action) team, our 2023 submission is available on the [UN Global Compact website](https://unglobalcompact.org/participation/report/cop/detail/479920) and by following the link below.
GuidelinesAlliance for IntegrityCollective Action, Private SectorThis comprehensive guide helps companies address the challenges posed by new legislation and increasing public expectations regarding global supply chain responsibilities. It offers practical insights to efficiently restructure existing approaches and build on risk management processes, emphasizing integrity, environmental protection, and human rights. By adopting the strategies outlined in this guide, companies can enhance their supply chain practices and promote responsible conduct within their organizations and among their global suppliers.
GuidelinesBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Private SectorCe guide a pour but de mettre en valeur et d’explorer les approches innovantes que les gouvernements africains ont développées pour s’attaquer à la corruption de manière plus efficace et durable. Ce guide a été conçu afin d’aider les institutions gouvernementales, en particulier les agences nationales de lutte contre la corruption, à coopérer plus efficacement avec le secteur privé pour prévenir la corruption.
Working PaperBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Private SectorEste documento de trabajo analiza cuatro Pactos de Integridad en España implementados entre abril de 2017 y enero de 2019. Basándose en el análisis, ofrece recomendaciones específicas para medir y mejorar el impacto de los Pactos de Integridad, especialmente para lograr cambios a largo plazo. *** **Enhancing the impact of Integrity Pacts in public procurement: an analysis from Spain‘s experience** This Working Paper analyses four Integrity Pacts in Spain implemented between April 2017 and January 2019. Based on the analysis, it offers specific recommendations to measure and enhance the impact of Integrity Pacts, especially in achieving long-term change. ### Sobre este Documento de Trabajo Este trabajo forma parte de una serie de documentos de trabajo del Basel Institute on Governance, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigwp.2023.46.25](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigwp.2023.46.25). Puede ser libremente compartido bajo una licencia Creative Commons: [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
GuidelinesOECDCollective ActionThis Toolkit evaluates foreign bribery and corruption risks for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and offers an awareness-raising toolkit on the importance of adopting anti-corruption measures. Based on data collected through research, interviews with SMEs, business organisations and legal professionals in countries Party to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and others, the toolkit presents initiatives that will enable governments, business organisations and large companies to better support SMEs in preventing and fighting foreign bribery and corruption. The Toolkit points to multi-stakeholder collaboration and Collective Action as essential tools to effectively raise awareness and assist businesses, in particular SMEs, in preventing and combating corruption. Successful initiatives around the world have demonstrated that collaborative multi-stakeholder approaches allow for tailor-made, sector-specific awareness raising strategies. Furthermore, by spreading the costs of implementing anti-corruption measures across multiple stakeholders, they avoid overburdening SMEs.
Annual reportSiemens AGCollective ActionThis Siemens Integrity Initiative Annual Report 2022 gives an overview of the most recent accomplishments of the Integrity Initiative. It provides a summary of project activities and outcomes in Section C based on information provided by the Integrity Partners as of March 2, 2023.
GuidelinesOECDCollective ActionThe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct are recommendations addressed by governments to multinational enterprises. They aim to encourage positive contributions enterprises can make to economic, environmental and social progress, and to minimise adverse impacts on matters covered by the Guidelines that may be associated with an enterprise’s operations, products and services. The Guidelines cover all key areas of business responsibility, including human rights, labour rights, environment, bribery, consumer interests, disclosure, science and technology, competition, and taxation. The 2023 edition of the Guidelines provides updated recommendations for responsible business conduct across key areas, such as climate change, biodiversity, technology, business integrity and supply chain due diligence, as well as updated implementation procedures for the National Contact Points for Responsible Business Conduct. The 2023 edition also includes a prominent endorsement of anti-corruption Collective Action in Chapter VII on Combating Bribery and Other Forms of Corruption: *“Collective action and meaningful engagement with local and international civil society organisations, business, professional associations, and international organisations also may help enterprises to better design and implement effective enterprise anti-corruption policies and mitigate corruption risks one enterprise cannot mitigate individually.”*
Case StudyAlliance for IntegrityCollective ActionThis preliminary study on corruption risks in infrastructure sector provides an overview of the current legal framework and corruption risks in the infrastructure sector in Indonesia, and offers recommendations for addressing these risks, with a focus on Collective Action as a potential solution. Indeed, in Indonesia, where infrastructure development has been prioritised, there is a pressing need to address corruption risks to ensure that infrastructure projects contribute to the country's sustainable economic and social development. The Alliance for Integrity recognises the critical importance of tackling corruption in this sector and works to promote Collective Action approaches that bring together stakeholders to combat corruption.
GuidelinesWolfsberg GroupCollective ActionThis publication from the Wolfsberg Group is designed to provide guidance to the financial services industry on how to develop, implement, and maintain an effective Anti-Bribery & Corruption (ABC) Compliance Programme, and should be read in conjunction with applicable legislation, regulation, and guidance issued by authorities in the jurisdictions in which a financial institution conducts business. The overall objective of the Guidance is to promote a culture of ethical business practices and compliance with ABC legal and regulatory requirements.
ArticleCalifornia Management ReviewCollective ActionThis article was published by Gemma Aiolfi and Scarlet Wannenwetsch of the Basel Institute on Governance together with Daniel Malan of Trinity Business School and Klaus Moosmayer of Novartis for California Management Review. The authors argue that businesses seeking to integrate compliance and integrity at the core of their business model would do well to look at the Business 20's recommendations. The authors explain how the recommendations of the B20 Integrity and Compliance Taskforce can act as a framework for action by businesses seeking to strengthen the G in ESG. Among the Taskforce's recommendations: fostering Collective Action by actively collaborating with like-minded businesses and other stakeholders, including governments, and by investigating new models of public-private partnerships. The Basel Institute on Governance has supported the B20 process for years, including this year's B20 India as a Network and Knowledge Partner of the ESG Business Action Council.
GuidelinesEuropean Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home AffairsCollective Action, Integrity PactsThe European Commission's Handbook of good practices in the fight against corruption maps a variety of anti-corruption practices in EU Member States that have proved to be useful in solving problems related to corruption, and which can inspire similar initiatives elsewhere. Key among these is Collective Action, which the Handbook explains and endorses in detail. It explains the key characteristics of Collective Action initiatives compared to accountability initiatives and lists several typologies and mechanisms. The handbook states that potential results of engaging in Collective Action are: - Increasing trust - Ensuring integrity as a social norm - Reducing control and sanctioning costs The Handbook is a collaborative effort between Ecorys and Local Research Correspondents on Corruption in each Member State. It was authored by Mike Beke, Oksana Huss, Brigitte Slot and Jan Wynarski for the European Commission, Directorate-General Migration and Home Affairs.
GuidelinesAfrican Development Bank Group, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Investment Bank Group, the International Monetary Fund, the Inter-American Development Bank Group and the World Bank GroupCollective ActionPublished by six major international financial institutions (IFIs), these General Principles provide non-exhaustive, non-binding guidance on business integrity programmes for businesses implementing IFI-funded projects. Business integrity programmes play an important part in IFIs’ efforts to fight fraud and corruption in the projects they support. Companies may also wish to refer to the General Principles as guidance for their programmes in other contexts. The document emphasises that it is a good business practice to have such a programme in place, and to implement the programme consistently and effectively as a standard approach to doing business. Notably, they recommend engagement in Collective Action to encourage other business entities to implement such integrity programmes.
Quick GuideUN Global Compact Network UkraineCollective ActionThis handbook, written in Ukrainian, serves as an introduction to the online training course for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on anti-corruption, which is currently being developed by the UN Global Compact Network Ukraine. The course aims to increase understanding of business transparency and how it can be improved through Collective Action. The ultimate goal is to enhance Ukraine's position in global indices.
ArticleOrganization ScienceCollective ActionThe authors of this academic paper discuss how attitudes to preventing and tackling corruption are different between cultures, and have also changed over time within them, focusing on the East (Asia) and the West (Western Europe & North America). This is particularly important for multi-national companies to consider when developing compliance programmes. They look at two challenges organisations face in implementing anti-corruption policies: policy-practice decoupling, which is the difference between what a formal policy says should happen and what actually happens, and means-end de-coupling, which is when the implementation of a policy does not lead to its envisaged goals. They argue that ever-evolving cultural beliefs, judgements and practices are key to determining how people interpret and act in the governance of corruption, but that "ongoing interactive communication" can help bring people together to close the de-coupling gaps. In other words, acting collectively - either within or between organisations - can be a key way for companies to effectively implement anti-corruption programmes.
Quick GuideUN Global Compact AcademyCollective ActionJoining efforts through anti-corruption collective action initiatives is a powerful way to level the playing field through the creation of fair and honest market conditions for all. This course introduces a six-step approach to bring together companies, make a clear diagnosis of the local corruption landscape, identify and engage key actors and address challenges by mitigating potential business risks. The proposed methodology builds on the experience and insight gained from years of experience running anti-corruption collective action initiatives around the world with companies and stakeholders driving change together.
ReportOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentCollective ActionInfrastructure is vital for supporting economic growth, enhancing prosperity and well-being. G7 nations and other partnerships have committed to quality and sustainable infrastructure investments based on high standards and shared values to mobilise public and private investment. Unfortunately, infrastructure remains highly exposed to corruption and other irregular practices, and lacks sufficient accountability. New and innovative approaches to tackle corruption are needed to address these challenges. This policy paper focuses on collective action and multi-stakeholder non-judicial grievance mechanisms to support early detection, prevention and reporting of corruption. It highlights three mechanisms, namely, the National Contact Point for Responsible Business Conduct, the High Level Reporting Mechanism, and the Integrity Pact, which are well-suited to addressing corruption risks across the infrastructure lifecycle. As countries increase infrastructure investment and look to attract private financing, there is an opportunity to harness multi-stakeholder solutions that address corruption, de risk projects and ensure finance meets its intended purpose.
ReportGlobal Compact Network BrazilCollective ActionDrawing upon good practices identified in anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives in Brazil, this Guide serves as a compass to guide agribusinesses and other sectors that are interested in promoting ethics and transparency in their daily business practices. This is the English version of "Guia de Boas Práticas Anticorrupção da Agroindústria".
ReportKonstanz Institut für Corporate GovernanceCollective Action"Anti-corruption compliance and integrity management in high-risk countries" presents the study results of the research project of the same name at the Konstanz Institute for Corporate Governance (KICG). The research project, funded by the KBA-NotaSys Integrity Fund, aimed to support in particular SMEs from Germany, Austria and Switzerland in their internationalisation projects in growth countries by analysing the challenges of compliance with rules and ethical behaviour in high-risk regions and developing solution strategies and management instruments. Based on the evaluation of international court cases of corporate corruption, a collection of generic case studies from compliance training courses, and 60 expert interviews, as well as a quantitative online survey of a total of 120 compliance officers in companies and from the consulting sector, the project identified, analysed and categorised compliance challenges in high-risk countries. The interviewees included high-ranking compliance managers of companies that had experience with FCPA proceedings, partners from the Big Four accounting firms and renowned legal representatives. In the expert interviews and the anonymous online study, they shared their experiences of dealing with challenging situations and grey-area decisions in high-risk regions. The publication contains anonymised interview quotes from the experts interviewed as part of the project. The descriptions are anecdotal - no real cases are described. However, they provide insights into the market environment as a whole. The report includes Collective Action as part of its Integrity Toolkit of solutions for corruption prevention and integrity management. The study report is available in German.
GuidelinesB20 Indonesia Integrity & Compliance Task ForceCollective ActionThis Policy Paper was prepared by the B20 Indonesia Integrity and Compliance Task Force, in which the Basel Institute on Governance served as Network Partner and Co-Chair in 2022. In this document, B20 members call for stronger actions from the G20 in four key areas: (1) promote sustainable governance in business to support ESG initiatives; (2) foster Collective Action to alleviate integrity risks; (3) foster agility in counteracting measures to combat money laundering/terrorist financing risks; (4) strengthen governance to mitigate exacerbated cybercrime risks.
Policy BriefBasel Institute on GovernanceAsset Recovery, Collective ActionAfrica is estimated to lose an unbelievable USD 88.6 billion (3.7% of Africa’s GDP) each year to illicit financial flows, of which corruption is a major component. Rooting out corruption is a collective effort, and the private sector has a major role to play in laying down the foundations for clean business environments and sustainable development. That is why anti-corruption Collective Action has got so much to offer Africa, and in particular West African coastal states keen to maximise their clear economic potential. As the spectrum of Collective Action initiatives is quite large, it allows for innovative measures where governments, companies and civil society organisations (CSOs) can join forces toward a common objective, despite their different perspectives. This collaborative approach therefore provides a fertile ground for constructive dialogue between like-minded stakeholders, as well as an opportunity to understand the private sector’s language and reality. CSOs have an important part to play in bringing Collective Action to the fight against corruption in West Africa. They must continue to initiate, facilitate and engage in Collective Action initiatives to help raise awareness and build bridges. Their presence can bring credibility, independent oversight and accountability to the initiatives. This Policy Brief is based on conversations held with CSOs based in Benin (Social Watch Benin), Ghana (Ghana Integrity Initiative), Ivory Coast (Ivorian Youth Leaders’ Network) and Togo (The Togolese National Agency for Consumers and the Environment). It aims to capture their experiences, challenges and outlook on what the future for Collective Action could hold in the region. Despite their different backgrounds, they are united on one point: fighting corruption collectively by raising the voice of the private sector is an important step to pave the way for sustainable economic growth. ### About this Policy Brief This publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series [ISSN 2624-9669](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Policy+Brief), and supports the Basel Institute's work on anti-corruption [Collective Action](https://collective-action.com/) with funding from the Siemens Integrity Initiative. It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigpb.11.6](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigpb.11.6). It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ([CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)).
ArticleTEID Ethics & Reputation SocietyCollective ActionThis article by Scarlet Wannenwetsch appeared in the September issue of InMagazine, published by the TEID Ethics & Reputation Society. It covers the 4th International Collective Action Conference in Basel, Switzerland, and the Basel Institute's Mentoring Programme for civil society/non-profit organisations working together with the private sector to address corruption challenges.
Guidelines, ReportInternational Law Association (French Branch)Collective ActionThe International Law Association's White Paper on corruption covers the current global anti-corruption landscape, present challenges, and the way forward to combat this scourge. It endorses the role of anti-corruption Collective Action as a means to fight and prevent corruption, and advocates for an increased cooperation with the private sector in the repression of bribery. The [High-Level Reporting Mechanism](https://collective-action.com/explore/hlrm/) is also identified as a practical way to enhance transparency in public procurement. Basel Institute former President Mark Pieth along with Managing Director Gretta Fenner contributed to the discussions and reflections around this paper.
Case Study, GuidelinesGlobal Compact Network Colombia, Alliance for Integrity and UNODCCollective ActionThis is the second edition of a publication, jointly published by the Global Compact Network Colombia, Alliance for Integrity and UNODC. It presents best practices that demonstrate the commitments of Colombian companies under the Global Compact to contribute to transparency and integrity in the country. The best practices are focused on different anti-corruption issues including reporting channels, culture of integrity, conflicts of interest and risk management. The success of the measures is designed to act as an example for other companies to join forces in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals and building a better country for all. The Basel Institute was pleased to contribute to the evaluation of the good practices as part of the jury.
ReportBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective ActionThis short conference report explains and illustrates the main insights emerging from the [4th International Collective Action Conference and Awards](https://collective-action.com/get-involved/events/icac-2022), which the Basel Institute on Governance hosted on 30 June and 1 July 2022 in Basel, Switzerland. The conference offered a platform for participants to re-engage with one another in person, take stock of anti-corruption Collective Action efforts, and exchange on how the private sector, civil society and government can work together better to address shared issues of corruption through Collective Action. The report includes several infographics and graphic recordings illustrating Collective Action’s central role in corruption prevention and compliance and what different stakeholders bring to the table - from the perspective of governments, businesses and civil society/academia. It also features quotes and examples from among the 200+ participants, many of whom are at the leading edge of efforts to promote and operationalise anti-corruption Collective Action approaches and tools. ### Acknowledgements and open-access licence The Basel Institute on Governance, as the host of the International Collective Action Conference and Awards 2022, would like to give a special thanks to the Siemens Integrity Initiative for supporting and providing funding for this immensely valuable event. This short report was prepared by Lynn Pies, Communications and Events Intern, Collective Action at the Basel Institute on Governance, with support from colleagues in the Private Sector team. Photos are by David Borter, LEO MEDIA. The report is free to share under a Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: [collective-action.com](https://collective-action.com/).
GuidelinesBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, HLRM, Integrity PactsThis practical guide is designed to help governments, and in particular National Anti-Corruption Agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption. It explains how governments can engage with the private sector to prevent corruption in three ways: - **Collaborate and consult on corruption prevention activities in the private sector** - by setting up events and platforms, providing advisory support and engaging the private sector in developing National Anti-Corruption Strategies. - **Support and incentivise the private sector to engage in corruption prevention activities and initiatives** - by creating tangible business benefits for companies investing in compliance, incentivising companies to externalise their compliance programmes, and supporting compliance certification. - **Demonstrate leadership by becoming an active participant in Collective Action** - by establishing Collective Action as the go-to approach for engaging with the private sector, by implementing integrity tools in public procurement, and by fostering compliance in state-owned enterprises. Each point is supported with examples of such actions around the world. Many of the examples were provided by a core group of members from the [Network of Corruption Prevention Authorities (NCPA)](https://www.coe.int/en/web/corruption/ncpa-network), who worked together with the Basel Institute on Governance to develop this guidance. The Basel Institute’s participation in developing these guidelines is funded by the [Siemens Integrity Initiative](https://siemens.com/integrity-initiative). The guidance will be updated on a regular basis to continue the discussion around government and private-sector engagement on issues of corruption. This document is freely shareable under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ([CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and Network of Corruption Prevention Authorities (NCPA).
Siemens AGCollective ActionThis Siemens Integrity Initiative Annual Report 2021 gives an overview of Collective Action activities at Siemens. As of March 2, 2022, the Siemens Integrity Initiative has committed around USD 120 million to 85 projects in more than 50 countries. This report contains details of the Collective Action Initiatives selected in the Third Funding Round as well as the new Golden Stretch Round.
Case Study, ReportCIPE Europe & Eurasia and CIPE Center for Accountable InvestmentCollective ActionBusiness ethics, integrity, and compliance are often relatively new concepts for businesses in emerging markets, most of which are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To help SMEs realize the benefits of business integrity and offer practical suggestions to implement robust mechanisms for compliance and ethics, the Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE) published the [*Strengthening Ethical Conduct & Business Integrity: A Guide for Companies in Emerging Markets*](https://www.cipe.org/resources/strengthening-ethical-conduct-business-integrity-a-guide-for-companies-in-emerging-markets/) in December 2020. The Guide offers practical recommendations to small business owners on how to apply existing anti-corruption compliance tools to their operations and growing needs for effective risk mitigation strategies and approaches. This new publication *Doing Business with Integrity: Stories from Small-and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Europe and Eurasia *seeks to supplement the Guide by providing specific, real-world examples of both business integrity challenges that companies face and approaches they use to overcome such challenges.
Case StudyGlobal Compact Network BrazilCollective ActionDrawing upon good practices identified in anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives in Brazil, this Guide serves as a compass to guide agribusinesses and other sectors that are interested in promoting ethics and transparency in their daily business practices.
BookConcurrences in collaboration with the International Chamber of CommerceCollective ActionThis chapter (26) of Perspectives on Antitrust Compliance covers the scope and purpose of anti-corruption Collective Action and explains why Collective Action and peer collaboration are important in tackling corruption. It then gives practical advice on how to overcome concerns and avoid antitrust risks, including many examples from initiatives around the world. Edited by Anne Riley, Andreas Stephan and Anny Tubbs, the book as a whole focuses on debates surrounding the function and design of antitrust compliance programmes. Its starting point is that increasingly, antitrust compliance is seen by companies not as a standalone topic, but as part of a suite of compliance efforts needed by companies to ensure that they comply with societal and shareholder expectations.
GuidelinesTransparency InternationalCollective Action, Integrity PactsTransparency International's practical guide to civic monitoring of public contracting projects emerges from the [Integrity Pacts – Civil Control Mechanism for Safeguarding EU Funds](https://baselgovernance.org/b20-collective-action-hub/initiatives-database/transparency-international-integrity-pacts-project) project. Under this project, between 2015 and 2021, 15 civil society organisations monitored 46 public contracting procedures in the EU. The goal was to understand how to systematically embed integrity pacts into the monitoring of EU-funded contracts. This guidebook is designed to support advocates and implementers in advocating for, setting up and implementing integrity pacts. It covers three broad areas: - Achieving broader recognition and adoption across the EU - Designing fit-for-purpose integrity pacts - Ensuring effective monitoring
GuidelinesNatural Resource Governance InstituteCollective ActionDrawing on broad stakeholder consultations, corruption case analysis and reviews of existing best practices, this guidance proposes concrete measures that companies should adopt to reduce corruption risks in their work with state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the oil, gas and mining industries. It also recommends measures SOEs can take to strengthen their anticorruption safeguards. The guidance for private-sector companies has five parts: - Conducting due diligence on SOEs - Avoiding high-risk agents - Responding to political exposure - Safeguarding payments - Protecting joint ventures from corruption The final section identifies corresponding recommendations for SOEs in each of these five areas. By adopting stronger safeguards against corruption, international companies and SOEs can avoid costly scandals that hamper their performance and damage their reputations. These reforms would also help protect the interests of resource-producing countries. Past cases clearly show the kinds of economic, social and political damage corruption can cause. The Natural Resource Governance Institute developed this industry-tailored guidance with a multi-stakeholder approach including affected companies, civil society and others. The Basel Institute was pleased to contribute to the process through its [Collective Action team](https://baselgovernance.org/collective-action).
ArticleBasel Institute on GovernanceAsset Recovery, Collective Action, Green Corruption, Public Finance Management, Public GovernanceThis article is the Basel Institute’s contribution to the [Global Forum on Law, Justice and Development Review of Legal Experiences and Global Practices Relating to COVID-19](https://globalforumljd.com/whats-new/global-forum-law-justice-and-development-review-legal-experiences-and-global-practices), published in December 2021. The Global Forum is an initiative of The World Bank. The contribution was submitted in July 2020; the version below contains minor updates to hyperlinks. It explores how covid-19 has exposed cracks and flaws in the systems designed to protect communities from corruption and has accelerated existing trends in financial crime. The next systemic disruption may come from another pandemic, climate change or perhaps biological or cyber attacks. Whatever the future holds, it is clear that financial crime systems must become more resilient if they are to protect us. The article notes that the world has an opportunity to reflect meaningfully on the problems and build stronger, more efficient and effective systems against financial crime. It covers three areas: - Technology, and how technology upgrades in law enforcement and criminal justice proceedings are necessary but not sufficient - Streamlining and speeding up procedures in cases of financial crime, such as mutual legal assistance - Citizen engagement in the fight against financial crime, including mobilising citizens by using recovered proceeds of corruption and crime to fund essential healthcare services.
GuidelinesCDC Group (British International Investment)Collective ActionThe Policy on Responsible Investing of British International Investment (CDC Group until April 2022) supports the impact investor's dual mandate to "deliver responsible and sustainable development impact and to make sustainable financial returns". It notably encourages the use of Collective Action as a way to go beyond compliance in tackling business integrity (BI) risks. Page 30 reads: *"Effective approaches to BI risk management should improve governance and transparency in decision-making, build trust with employees and business partners and deliver other benefits that enable sustainable growth. The most successful approaches are ones where employees can share concerns about BI free from retaliation and where companies are honest in acknowledging the risks they face, and seek to effect wider market change by tackling systemic BI risks like corruption through engagement in collective action initiatives."* The policy also emphasises the role of Collective Action approaches to address other global challenges beyond corruption, noting the *"role that companies can play in enabling collective and collaborative action to address climate change".* The policy comes into effect on 1 April 2022, when it replaces the CDC Group's previous Code of Responsible Investing. The CDC Group's rebranding as British International Investment takes place at the same time.
Policy BriefBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, Public GovernanceThis Policy Brief distils recommendations for [Collective Action](https://baselgovernance.org/collective-action) practitioners based on empirical insights on certain forms of corruption involving private-sector actors. [Field research carried out in Tanzania and Uganda](https://baselgovernance.org/publications/informal-networks-investment-east-africa) produced detailed case studies that show how informal networks link private and public sector actors to pursue common illicit goals, such as gaining an unfair business advantage, avoiding a sanction, decreasing taxes owed or jumping the queue at the point of delivery of public services. Corruption, most often bribery, is the currency that works to cement and nurture those networks. This Policy Brief is based on that research and a series of in-depth interviews with Collective Action practitioners working in Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America. The goal is to extract insights from what we have learned about the networks that fuel corruption and discuss implications for anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives. ## About this Policy Brief This publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series [ISSN 2624-9669](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Policy+Brief). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigpb.8.1-10](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigpb.8.1-10). You may freely share or republish it under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) licence. The research underpinning this Policy Brief was funded by the [Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programm](https://ace.globalintegrity.org/)e, funded with UK Aid from the British people.
ReportB20 ItalyCollective Action, ComplianceThis policy paper outlines three general recommendations for the G20 provided by the B20 Integrity and Compliance Taskforce under the B21 Italy 2021 process. The Basel Institute on Governance was proud to serve as [Network Partner](https://baselgovernance.org/news/basel-institute-support-b20-italy-integrity-and-compliance-task-force-network-partner) to the B20 Integrity and Compliance Taskforce through its Collective Action team. As well as wholeheartedly supporting the final Policy Paper, the Basel Institute is delighted that [anti-corruption Collective Action](https://baselgovernance.org/collective-action) is strongly endorsed throughout the recommendations, which cover: - Responsible conduct through the procurement cycle - Sustainable governance in business - Cooperative compliance models and rewarding systems - Beneficial ownership transparency
GuidelinesOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)Collective ActionThe revised Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions ("2021 Anti-Bribery Recommendation") seeks to address challenges, good practices and cross-cutting issues that have emerged in the global anti-corruption landscape since 2009. It updates the 2009 revised Recommendation, which in turn updated the 1997 Revised Recommendation of the Council on Bribery in International Business Transactions. The 2021 Anti-Bribery Recommendation was adopted on 26 November 2021 on the proposal of the OECD's Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions. Among the new sections and recommended practices that have been added are three endorsements of anti-corruption Collective Action, including recommendations that member countries consider using Collective Action approaches to: - support awareness-raising in the private sector (IV.ii) - address the demand side of bribery (IX.iv) The document also recommends that business organisations and professional associations consider "promoting Collective Action" where appropriate, as part of providing advice on resisting exhortation and solicitation (B.4). Citation: OECD, *Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions*, OECD/LEGAL/0378.
Basel Institute on GovernanceCollective ActionOur fourth Communication on Engagement to the United Nations Global Compact details our support over the last two years for the UN Global Compact and its results. Non-business participants, including the Basel Institute, submit the CoE every two years. Prepared by our [Collective Action](https://baselgovernance.org/collective-action) team, our 2021 submission is available on the [UN Global Compact website here](https://www.unglobalcompact.org/participation/report/cop/create-and-submit/detail/457651) and copied below.
ReportInstitute of Employers (IOE), Business at OECD (BIAC), BusinessEuropeCollective Action, Human rightsThe International Organisation of Employers (IOE), Business at OECD (BIAC) and BusinessEurope, their member federations and the tens of millions of companies they represent have been deeply engaged in the promotion and implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. The tenth anniversary of the UN Guiding Principles this year is an important moment for stocktaking and re-focusing efforts to strengthening their uptake. The IOE, Business at OECD (BIAC) and BusinessEurope welcome the initiative to draft a roadmap for the better implementation of the UN Guiding Principles. The IOE has supported this project by the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights through regional and global consultations, surveys, and research as well as the flagship report “#UNGPsPlus10- Achievements, challenges, and the way forward in the uptake and implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights”, which was launched in February 2021. Based on their strong business and human rights engagement, IOE, Business at OECD (BIAC) and BusinessEurope reiterate that the UN Guiding Principles as the authorative global framework on business and human rights, created clarity of the rules and responsibility of all actors and resulted in much more focused approach in the promotion of business and human rights by particularly companies, but also investors, and international organisations and States.
ReportInternational Organisation of Employers (IoE), Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS)Collective Action, Human rights, ComplianceHuman rights are a key concern for business. As the global voice of business, IOE is deeply engaged in the business and human rights agenda and strongly supports the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). The UNGPs were endorsed by the UN Human Rights Council in its resolution 17/4 of 16 June 20111. They set out the existing obligations of States to respect, protect and fulfil human rights and fundamental freedoms; the role of business enterprises to comply with all applicable laws and to respect human rights; and the need for rights and obligations to be matched to appropriate and effective remedies when breached.2 The corporate responsibility to respect human rights applies to all business enterprises, regardless of their size, sector, location, ownership, and structure. The past few years have seen the emergence of several legislative developments related to the business and human rights agenda; most recently, in summer 2021, the German and the Norwegian parliaments adopted a new law on corporate due diligence in the supply chains. An important focus in the discussions on business and human rights is on mandatory human rights due diligence. This paper aims to support the meaningful engagement of the business community in these discussions, by clarifying what the UNGPs say on due diligence; setting out the recent legislative and judicial developments; enumerating the expectations and recommendations of stakeholders and the UN; and highlighting the critical points for business to know and consider.
Annual reportBasel Institute on GovernanceAsset Recovery, Collective Action, Compliance, Green Corruption, Public Finance Management, Public GovernanceOur Annual Report celebrates the achievements of our teams and partners around the world that we are most proud of in 2020. It also reveals some of the challenges we had to overcome, together. There are many of both, and a lot more stories and highlights in between. Our various accomplishments in 2020 would not have been possible without the continuous support and efforts from our numerous partners and donors, here and abroad. This is a chance for us to thank them warmly and to demonstrate our collective impact on the fight against corruption around the world.
ReportGlobal Coalition to Fight Financial Crime (GCFFC)Anti-Money Laundering, Asset Recovery, Collective ActionThis position paper by the Global Coalition to Fight Financial Crime (GCFFC) outlines a set of features that GCFFC members recommend jurisdictions should include in beneficial ownership disclosure regimes. The GCFFC, as part of its objectives to promote more effective information sharing between public and private entities, and to propose mechanisms to identify emerging threats and best practice approaches to more robust controls against money laundering, believes that all actors fighting financial crime should have instant access to high quality, highly usable beneficial ownership data. The GCFFC comprises different actors engaged in fighting financial crime: law enforcement agencies, obliged legal entities, civil society organisations. This position paper was collaboratively developed through the collective expertise of GCFCC members and is based on the Open Ownership principles for effective disclosure.
Siemens AGCollective ActionThis Siemens Integrity Initiative Annual Report 2020 gives an overview of Collective Action activities at Siemens. As of March 2, 2021, around USD 98,5 million has been committed to 77 projects in more than 40 countries under the Siemens Integrity Initiative First, Second and Third Funding Rounds. This report contains details of the Collective Action Initiatives selected in the [Siemens Integrity Initiative Third Funding Round](/node/1579) and looks forward to the final phase of the initiative, the Golden Stretch Round.
ReportUnited NationsCollective ActionThis is the draft Political Declaration of the 2021 Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly Against Corruption, titled *Our common commitment to effectively addressing challenges and implementing measures to prevent and combat corruption and strengthen international cooperation.* Of note is item 13 under Preventive measures, which endorses [Collective Action](https://baselgovernance.org/collective-action)with the public and private sectors in the fight against corruption: *We will take measures to prevent corruption involving the private sector and set and communicate high standards regarding anti-corruption policies. We will encourage ethical behaviour, anti-corruption and anti-bribery compliance efforts, integrity, accountability and transparency measures in all enterprises. **We will support and promote initiatives to ensure that private sector entities are well equipped to conduct business with integrity and transparency, particularly in their relations with the public sector, and in fair competition, and will encourage the private sector to take collective action in this regard, including through the establishment of public-private partnerships in the prevention of and fight against corruption**. We commit to enforcing proportionate and dissuasive civil, administrative or criminal penalties for failure to comply with such measures, as appropriate.*
Guidelines, ReportUnited Nations Global CompactCollective ActionUniting against Corruption: A Playbook on Anti-Corruption Collective Action was developed as part of the UN Global Compact multi-year project Scaling up Anti-Corruption Collective Action within Global Compact Local Networks. With the six-step approach and deep dives on key roles throughout the Collective Action process, the Playbook enables readers to make a clear diagnosis of their local corruption landscape, identify and engage stakeholders and apply the Collective Action methodology to address identified corruption challenges and mitigate potential business risks. Ultimately this Playbook aims to mainstream the understanding and uptake of Collective Action among Global Compact Local Networks, businesses and other relevant stakeholders.
Guidelines, ReportTransparency InternationalCollective Action, ComplianceThis report by Transparency International explores why and how a company ought to measure the effectiveness of its approach to anti-corruption. The report analyses what is understood by “measuring effectiveness”, highlights practical considerations, and provides examples of metrics that are proving useful for companies. The Basel Institute's Collective Action team was pleased to contribute its hands-on experience in measuring the effectiveness of anti-corruption approaches within companies. This includes recent projects such as the [Guidance Note](https://baselgovernance.org/publications/measuring-effectiveness-anti-corruption-programmes-indicators-company-reporting)co-created by a group of health care companies under the initiative of Norges Bank Investment Management.
Guidelines, ReportTransparency InternationalCollective Action, Integrity PactsThis concise brief sets out key considerations for European authorities interested in implementing Integrity Pacts to reduce the likelihood of corruption and fraud in public contracting, as well as improve contracting outcomes and public trust. The sections cover: - Benefits of Integrity Pacts - What an Integrity Pact entails - Getting started with an Integrity Pact Many of the considerations can also be applied to non-EU contexts. This publication has been developed in the framework of the project Integrity Pacts – Civil Control Mechanism for Safeguarding EU Funds, Phase 2 funded by the European Commission.
FlyerBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective ActionA short flyer about the [B20 Collective Action Hub](/node/1095), a resource and knowledge centre on anti-corruption Collective Action hosted by the Basel Institute on Governance since 2013.
Working PaperBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, ComplianceHow can local certification of small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) help to alleviate anti-corruption due diligence for SMEs as well as multinational corporations (MNC) seeking to work with them. This Working Paper by the Basel Institute's Collective Action team attempts to answer that question based on discussions and analysis of current local certification initiatives in different countries and sectors. *Local certification* in this context means the assessment of a company’s anti-corruption compliance standards according to a method devised through a Collective Action and developed within a domestic (local) market. The local component also involves verification (certification) by a reputable organisation based in the same country as the entity that is being certified. The paper explores: - Due diligence dilemmas faced by both SMEs and MNCs. - How local certification can help SMEs develop and demonstrate robust anti-corruption compliance procedures. - How a trusted certification programme can help alleviate due diligence on third parties by MNCs, using a risk-based approach. - Wider benefits, including raising standards of compliance across the board. - How a Collective Action approach boosts the potential of local certification to achieve these wins. - Special considerations and six practical recommendations for practitioners seeking to raise levels of anti-corruption compliance through a local certification scheme. ### About this Working Paper This paper is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https://baselgovernance.org/resources/publications/?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https://eterna.unibas.ch/) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685/bigwp.2021.34.1-36](https://doi.org/10.12685/bigwp.2021.34.1-36). The paper was funded by the KBA-NotaSys Integrity Fund of Koenig & Bauer Banknote Solutions. It is part of the Basel Institute’s [local certification project](https://baselgovernance.org/b20-collective-action-hub/certification), which aims to support innovative approaches to anti-corruption compliance and due diligence through Collective Action. . The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect the position of the KBA NotaSys Integrity Fund, Koenig & Bauer Banknote Solutions, any affiliates or any persons acting on their behalf. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en).
Article, ReportBasel Institute on GovernanceCollective Action, HLRM, Integrity Pacts, ComplianceHow effectively does the Business 20 (B20) process channel recommendations on anti-corruption from the business community up to the Group of Twenty (G20) leaders? Are there ways to increase the uptake of B20 recommendations by the G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group (ACWG) and in the final Communiqué at the G20 Summit? This paper helps to answer the questions by analysing the responsiveness of the G20 leaders to the B20’s recommendations on anti-corruption from 2010 to 2017. The analysis uses three previous attempts to measure the impact of the B20 process on G20 outcomes, by the German and Russian presidencies and by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). ### About this report This report was funded by the [Siemens Integrity Initiative](https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/sustainability/compliance/collective-action.html), which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.
ReportCorruption Watch, ODI and the National Business InitiativeCollective Action, ComplianceThis report examines the corporate governance practices of 100 corporations operating in South Africa. Its methodology and findings highlight the importance of active engagement in Collective Action as part of anti-corruption compliance programmes and reporting. The press release summarises the recommendations as follows: The report concludes that the fight against corruption cannot be waged within individual corporations alone, but must extend across a broad scope of organisations, within and outside the business sector. What is required is an all-encompassing collective action by the corporate sector, as well as its interaction and co-operation with other elements of society similarly engaged in fighting corruption – what could be defined as an “all of society” approach. There is a case to be made for collaboration on anti-corruption programmes with a range of other stakeholders, including NGOs, civil society organisations, academic or media organisations, and the public sector. The assessment covers whether or not companies engage actively in Collective Action, calling it a "crucial element" in corruption prevention alongside transparency, training, risk assessments and control systems.
GuidelinesNorges Bank Investment ManagementCollective Action, ComplianceThis guidance note contains a set of indicators that companies may wish to consider when reporting on the effectiveness of their anti-corruption efforts to external stakeholders. Such disclosures could also be useful to build trust with external stakeholders, mitigate reputational risk and identify best practices. It is focused on the health sector, which is especially vulnerable to compliance risks because of the complexity of its value chain and the size of the financial flows in the sector. The guidance note responds to the publication by Norges Bank Investment Management of expectations of companies on anti-corruption, which emphasise that companies should disclose how they measure the effectiveness of their anticorruption programmes. These expectations are based on internationally recognised principles such as the UN Global Compact and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Themes of the guidance note cover: - Culture - Risk management - Third parties - Compliance function - Oversight The Collective Action team at the Basel Institute on Governance, under a mandate from Norges Bank Investment Management, facilitated the development of these indicators with a group of health care companies that provided input in writing and verbally during February – September 2020. Participating companies are: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc, AstraZeneca Plc, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Eli Lilly and Co, GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Merck KGaA, Novartis AG and Novo Nordisk A/S.
GuidelinesCenter for International Private Enterprise (CIPE)Collective ActionThis practical guide by CIPE’s Anti-Corruption & Governance Center is aimed at helping companies in emerging markets to understand and apply the basic principles and practices of global compliance standards. It contains real-world examples and practical recommendations for business leaders on compliance and business integrity, including codes of conduct. Step 8 focuses on how companies can strengthen their integrity and compliance by engaging in Collective Action.
ReportB20 Saudi ArabiaCollective Action, ComplianceThis policy paper outlines three general recommendations for the G20 provided by the B20 Integrity and Compliance Taskforce under the B20 Saudi Arabia 2020 process. The Basel Institute on Governance was proud to serve as [Knowledge Partner](https://baselgovernance.org/news/basel-institute-continue-b20-engagement-b20-saudi-arabia-integrity-compliance-taskforce) to the B20 Integrity and Compliance Taskforce through its Collective Action team. As well as wholeheartedly supporting the final Policy Paper, the Basel Institute is delighted that [anti-corruption Collective Action](https://baselgovernance.org/collective-action) is included as the first recommendation in order to pursue a culture of high integrity in the public and private sectors.
ReportGlobal Compact Network Colombia, Alliance for Integrity and UNODCCollective ActionThis publication, jointly published by the Global Compact Network Colombia, Alliance for Integrity and UNODC, presents 11 best practices that demonstrate the commitments of Colombian companies under the Global Compact to contribute to transparency and integrity in the country. The best practices are focused on different anti-corruption issues including reporting channels, culture of integrity, conflicts of interest and risk management. The success of the measures is designed to act as an example for other companies to join forces in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals and building a better country for all. The publication is in Spanish, ISBN: 978-958-52379-1-9
ReportOECDCollective Action, HLRMCorruption remains high in the region of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Governments have undertaken many reforms to tackle corruption. However, empirical data and perception surveys show a poor enforcement track record and that countries have not fully aligned their laws with the international standards. This report takes stock of the actions that countries in the region took to address corruption since 2016. It identifies progress achieved as well as remaining challenges that require further action by countries. The report summarises outcomes of the fourth round of Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan monitoring that covered nine countries in the region: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan is an initiative of the OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ACN). The report analyses three broad areas of anti-corruption work, including anti-corruption policies and institutions, criminalisation of corruption and law-enforcement, and measures to prevent corruption in public administration and in the private sector. Examples of good practice from the OECD and other countries and comparative cross-country data help to illustrate the analysis. The report also reviews the role that the OECD/ACN played in supporting anticorruption efforts in the region.
ReportOECDCollective Action, HLRMThis study by the OECD focuses on the ingredients for a successful High-Level Reporting Mechanism (HLRM) to tackle bribery solicitation and other reports of unfair business practices in public tenders. It covers the methodology and scope of HLRMs, explores its use cases and looks at case studies in Colombia, Argentina, Ukraine and Peru. It then covers 9 key ingredients to the successful implementation of a HLRM.